There are numerous means by which to measure economic inequality, but two that have gained widespread attention are the Gini Coefficient and the Theil Index.
GINI COEFFICIENT
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient
THEIL INDEX
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theil_index
DOES IT MATTER?
Inequality between the living standards of one person and another can be measured according to the metrics above, but another way is to look at the qualitative difference in what goods and services are available to people, because where the difference between wealth and poverty was one of palanquins and carriages versus trudging on foot everywhere, now it's the difference between fancy cars and somewhat more utilitarian ones, or between brand new cars and older ones. That's not some kind of gross injustice unless you're an equality hypochondriac
It does according to the Luxembourg Inequality Study;
http://www.lisdatacenter.org/resources/
http://www.lisdatacenter.org/working-papers/
No.
https://danieljmitchell.wordpress.com/2014/01/26/everything-you-ever-needed-to-know-about-the-lefts-view-of-income-inequality-captured-in-a-single-image/
But even if it did, on a global scale it's going down anyway;
https://mises.org/library/more-evidence-global-economic-inequality-decreasing
Some people have lied about the trend, however;
http://tomwoods.com/podcast/ep-318-piketty-taken-down-for-good/
Phill Magness destroy's Piketty's data analysis with an opposite skewed analysis of his own - truth is probably half way between, thus falling inequality in US;
http://philmagness.com/?p=1130
http://philmagness.com/?p=1136
http://philmagness.com/?p=1190
Finds fault, though less devastating, with UK case as well;
http://philmagness.com/?p=1136
Turns out America's middle-class is losing members to the upper-class, not the lower;
http://blog.skepticallibertarian.com/2015/02/02/is-the-us-becoming-an-oligarchy/
And upward mobility remains the same as two decades ago;
http://www.npr.org/2014/01/23/265356290/study-upward-mobility-no-tougher-in-u-s-than-two-decades-ago
Video detailing the silliness of the egalitarian movement;
https://www.facebook.com/WeAreCapitalists/videos/461627257342155/
Sources used to create the video;
https://www.facebook.com/OccupyDemocrats/videos/vb.346937065399354/974610335965354/?type=2&theater
http://www.nber.org/papers/w17164.pdf
http://www.oecd.org/eco/public-finance/49417295.pdf
www.aei.org/publication/yes-the-middle-class-has-been-disappearing-but-they-havent-fallen-into-the-lower-class-theyve-risen-into-the-upper-class/
http://issuu.com/ngisaigon/docs/0142
https://www.aei.org/publication/census-data-on-income-distribution-reveal-evidence-of-rising-income-levels-for-a-rising-share-of-american-households/
http://content.thirdway.org/publications/57/Third_Way_Report_-_The_New_Rules_Economy_-_A_Policy_Framework_for_the_21st_Century.pdf
https://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/112th-congress-2011-2012/reports/10-25-HouseholdIncome_0.pdf
https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2014/demo/p60-249.pdf
https://scontent-lhr3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-xft1/t31.0-8/12339272_10208114364395921_1378576375247752822_o.jpg
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